Sliding bolt lock



July 17, 1956 E. A. SCHACHINGER 2,754,672

SLIDING BOLT LOCK Filed Nov. 14, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 #Tram/EY July 17, 1956 E. A. SCHACHINGER 2,754,672

SLIDING Bour Locx Filed Nov. 14, 1950 2 Sheets-SheetZ l 57 as 67 a@ ai 64 6g a2 @1 51 l A 7 sa 3a 0 'z i n l" v al INVENTOR 43 93 97 9F95. 5,4 45 ward'af/mf BY W uit?, 57 (45 ATTORNEY United States Patent OE ice 2,754,672 Patented July 17, 1956 had SLIDING BOLT LOCK Edward A. Schachinger, Bronx, N. Y.

Application November 14, 1950, Serial No. 195,568

6 Claims. (Cl. 70 151) This invention relates to locks for doors and particularly to a sliding bolt that may be actuated by a lock of the tumbler pin type or others.

It is an object of the invention to provide a lock having latching and locking means adapted to be actuated manually or by means of a key which may be secured against manipulation of the latch or locking bolt by an unauthorized operator.

This invention relates to a lock of the type having a bolt slidable with respect to a supporting frame and means operable to move this bolt from locking position to an lunlocked position against bias means, means Ialso being provided for restraining the bolt against movement from locking position. Means are provided for actuating this restraining means upon operation of the lock to move the bolt toward the unlocked position so as to effect release of the bolt for such movement. Means also are provided in this lock effective after such release for holding the bolt in a withdrawn position which may be the latching position if the bolt end is beveled for engagement with a striking plate. This holding means is adapted thus to hold the bolt in this position when the means operable to move the bolt to the unlocked position is reversely operated, this operable means then being ineffective to move the bolt to its locking position.

The construction provided, however, is such that the bolt may be given a slight movement from itsvposition as held by the holding means in the direction away from the locking position so that from this new position, upon quick release of the bolt, impact of a portion thereof is brought about upon the bolt holding means to move it out of holding position so that the bolt may continue in its movement to the locking position thereof. In the lock constructed in accordance With this aspect of the invention the restraining means is inaccessible for manipulation and the bolt is securely held in the locking position and may not be moved therefrom by manipulation of the bolt, for example, between the door and the door jamb. Also, this bolt may not be moved from this locking position until the means above referred t0, which is operable to move the bolt, is so operated, for example, by a key or manually from inside a door to effect actuation of the bolt restraining means to release the bolt.

The construction of the lock also provides that the means operable to move the bolt and concomitantly to actuate the restraining means to release the bolt for movement to the unlocked position may be operatively connected to an auxiliary lock, for example, of the combination tumbler pin type, which requires a key of predetermined form for operation of this combination lock. The construction also contemplates the provision both of manually operable means for effecting unlocking movement of the bolt as well as means operable by a key inserted in an auxiliary lock, such as the combination lock described hereinafter.

Thus the present lock is provided with a bolt restraining element and means for actuating this restraining element to release the bolt as well as means for holding the bolt in a withdrawn or a latching position `and releasing it from this holding position to return to locking position thereof.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be understood more clearly from the description to follow of the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross section of the tumbler pin combination changing lock of the invention set in a door and cooperating with the bolt lock of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows in elevation the bolt of the lock held in latching position.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the tumbler pin combination lock taken on line 5 5 of Fig. l, with portions broken away to show certain details.

Fig. 6 shows in partial longitudinal section a modification of the combination changing lock of the invention with the master key inserted therein.

Fig. 7 shows in partial longitudinal section the lock of Fig. 6 with a regular operating key inserted therein.

Fig. 8 shows in partial longitudinal section the combination changing lock of Fig. l with a regular operating key inserted therein.

As shown in Fig. 1, in a door or similar closure 1 a bore is provided in which the barrel 5 of the combination changing lock is disposed, this barrel being provided with the usual flange 7 bearing against the face of the door 1.

Fastened to the opposite face of the door by suitable screws or other fasteners 9 is the frame 11 of a bolt lock having a sliding bolt 13 adapted in locking position to be received into a retaining member 15 fastened by screws 1'7 to the door jamb 19.

`rlhe combination changing lock of Fig. l is provided with a keyway shaft 21 rotatably supported at the flange portion of the barrel in the bearing 22 and at the opposite end of the shaft in a bearing 23 in the plate 24 which is set in a recess 25 formed in the barrel, the end portion 26 of the barrel being spun over the plate 24 to retain this plate in fixed relation to the barrel. As in conventional locks the keyway shaft is of cylindrical form rotatably tting in a bore 28 formed in the barrel 5. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the shaft 21 is provided with eight pinways extending transversely to the axis of the shaft 'and centered upon this axis in the conventional manner. This shaft also is provided with the usual keyway 27 for insertion therein of a key at the right hand end thereof in Fig. l so that the key comes into engagement with the pins provided in the pinways to lift these pins to shaft releasing position and for other effects in the manner more particularly to be described hereinafter.

The combination changing lock of Fig. 1 also is provided with a cylindrical magazine 31 rotatable on its axis and disposed with its `axis parallel to the axis of the keyway shaft 21. As is customary, this magazine is provided with longitudinally spaced sockets receiving socket pins or tumblers which are urged outwardly of their sockets by springs 32. Concentric with and in contact with the circumferential surface of the magazine 31 a cylindrical sleeve 33 rotatable on the magazine axis in a bore 35 formed in the barrel 5 extends about the magazine. The magazine 3l land its sleeve 33 are arranged so that the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve substantially is tangential to the outer circumferential surface of the keyway shaft 21 in the conventional manner, the sleeve 33 being rotatable relative to the magazine ya's well as relative to its bore 35.

The sleeve 33 is provided with a plurality of holes therein which are disposed in rows in the direction parallel to the axis of the magazine in locations which are in planes transversely of the axis of the keyway shaft through the centers of the pinways in this keyway shaft.

At each location the sleeve is provided with a series of holes spaced circumferentially about the sleeve, the holes of the respective series being in longitudinal alignment in the rows parallel to the axis of the magazine. Thus, upon rotation of the sleeve relative to the magazine the respective rows of holes are brought into register with the sockets provided in the magazine. Means hereinafter described are provided to hold the sleeve in position relative to the magazine for each of these positions of registration. The magazine and the sleeve thus held in relation thereto are rotatable in one direction as a unit so as to bring a succeeding row of holes in the sleeve into register with the pinways in the pinway shaft. The magazine alone then is reversely rotatable to bring its sockets into register with the succeeding row of holes and with the shaft pinways.

Within the scope of the invention, the combination changing lock being described may be provided, as disclosed in my prior Patent No. 1,967,042, July 17, 1934, with a magazine which is manually movable relative to the sleeve for changing the combination or the lock may be provided with means as described in my prior Patent No. 2,427,814, September 23, 1947, for automatically changing the combination of the lock by rotating the sleeve relative to the magazine upon operation of the lock by a key of predetermined form.

In the embodiment of Fig. l automatic means are utilized which comprise the gear 37 which is rotatably supported on a shank portion of the keyway shaft adjacent the end thereof which bears in the bearing 23 formed in the plate 24. This gear 37 meshes with a gear 39 which is fastened upon the shank 40 of the magazine adjacent the shaft end 41 of this magazine which rotatably bears in the plate 24. Thus, upon rotation of the gear 37, the magazine 31 may be rotated forwardly on its axis so that the sockets of this magazine are moved out of alignment with the pinways of the keyway shaft. The gear 37 is provided with a notch 43 into which, as shown in Fig. 6, the end 45 of a key, ordinarily a master key 46, may enter to effect rotation of the gear 37 upon operation of the lock with this key to change the combination. When the lock is to be operated without changing the combination a key such as the key 48 of Fig. 7 may be used which is not provided with an end extension 4S, so that in such regular operation of the lock the gear 37 is not rotated and the relation of the sleeve to the magazine is not changed.

In order to effect change of the combination, however, in a manner similar to that described in my prior Patent No. 2,427,814, the sleeve 33 is provided with end notches 51 in the same circumferentially spaced relation about the sleeve, as shown in Fig. 5, as are the rows of holes in the sleeve. To effect rotation of the sleeve upon rotation of the magazine when, as above described, the gear 37 is rotated by key 46 a pawl 53 in the form of a fiat washer having anger or lip 55 circumferentially disposed thereonis fastened by suitable means to the magazine between the gear 39 and this magazine. The finger or lip 55 is bent suliiciently out of the plane of the washer to enter endwise into the notches 5l to effect rotation of the sleeve with the magazine upon rotation of the magazine in a given or forward direction and to be carnmed out of these notches upon relative movement of the magazine with respect to the sleeve upon reverse rotation of the magazine. Upon rotation of the gear 39 and the magazine 3l in the counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 5, linger 55 of the pawl 53 will enter a notch 511 and rotate the sleeve with the magazine. The gear 37 in this operation must be rotated clockwise as viewed in Fig. 5, that is, from the left in Fig. 1. The key 46, therefore, would be operated counterclo'ckwise when viewed from the front of the lock at the right in Fig. l. Upon return movement of the key the magazine will be rotated reversely by the gears, that is clockwise, viewed from the left in Fig. l to return the sockets to their initial position in register with the pinlock, is rotated counterclockwise as described above. It

will be apparent that in this return movement of the magazine, the sleeve being held against movement, the socket of the ma ezine will be brought into register with the next row of holes in the sleeve, this row of holes having been brought into position to register with the pinways of the keyway shaft in the movement effected by the key li6 in which both the magazine and the sleeve were moved forwardly to the advanced position. The pawl 53 and the detent 57 provide simple means both cooperating with the notches in the sleeve to produce the successive forward movements of the sleeve and the relative movement between the sleeve and magazine as well as holding the sleeve and magazine in proper relation to each other for regular operation of the lock after changing the combination.

In accordance with the invention in its lirst aspect, the sleeve 33 is provided with holes of reduced diameter with respect to at least some of the pins in the socket of the magazine, other holes in the sleeve being of such diameter that the socket pins associated therewith may project through and enter the corresponding pinways of the keyway shaft. Thus, in Fig. l pins 61, 63, 65 and 67 in the particular combination there shown in which the lock is set project through holes in the sleeve 33 that are substantially the same diameter as the diameter of the magazine sockets in which these pins are disposed and the corresponding pinways 71, 73, and 77 also are substantially of the same diameter. When the key is removed from the lock the pins 61, 63, 65, 67 serve to lock the shaft 21 against rotation thereof. Upon insertion of key 69, as shown in Fig. 8, the pins in the pinways 71, 73, 75' and 77 are lifted so that the upper ends of these pins which are in contact with the corresponding socket pins 61, 63, 65 and 67 are in the parting plane between the outer circumference of the sleeve 33 and the outer circumference of the shaft 2l. The lock, therefore, may be operated to unlocked position.

lt will be noted, however, when the key is fully inserted in the lock that the pins in pinways 72, 74, 76 and 78 either do not reach to the parting plane or, at least, the upper ends of these pins are not disposed above the parting plane in Fig. 8. lt will be apparent also that the contour of the key in engagement with the pins in pinways 72, 74, 76 and 73 may be of greatly different forms provided only that the upper ends of the pins do not become positioned above the parting plane and therefore do not enter the openings 9,2, b4, 36 and 8S in the sleeve that are of reduced diameter with respect to the corresponding pins 62, 6d, 66 and 63, the other pins in the sockets and pinways functioning as above stated.

As is apparent in Figs. 1 and 8, pins 62, 64, 66 and 68 are retained by the sleeve in their respective sockets as effectively as if the holes of reduced size 82, 64, 86 and 23? were omitted and thc solid Wall of the magazine were utilized for thus retaining these socket pins. It will be noted further that, except for the pin in the pinway 7l. the highest hitting on the key 69 of the particular embodirnent shown is that which elevates to the parting; plane the pin the pinway 77 in contact with the socket pin 67. As now will be explained, this hitting nevertheless may lift and pass all of the pins in the pinways 71 to 76, inclusive, even though the pin in pinway 72. for example, is somewhat longer than the pin in pinway 77. For this purpose the pins in all of the shaft pinways that are associatcd with sleeve hoies 32, 84, 536 and t of reduced diameter in the embodiment and combination described-i `are provided with Shanks of such reduced diameter thatf'- these shanks'may pass into the respective holes 82, 84, 86 and S8. Of the shaft pins that are associated with the socket pins which determine the combination of Fig. 8 those disposed in pinways 71, 75 and 77 are provided with Shanks but engage pins 61, 65 and 67 of full diameter through openings in the sleeve of the full diameter of the pinway and of the socket. The holes of reduced diameter shown in Figs. l and 8 are disposed in the respective series of circumferentially spaced holes above mentioned and in each of these series there may be holes of full diameter positioned in other rows of the holes in the sleeve and determining different combinations. Thus, any of the pins in the pinways of the shaft may become combination determining pins by cooperation with socket pins projecting through holes of full diameter in the sleeve. Any of these pins, however, may become inactive pins out of engagement with which corresponding socket pins are held by the sleeve since the socket pins cannot pass through the holes of reduced diameter. These holes of reduced diameter, however, permit the Shanks of the corresponding keyway shaft pins where necessary to pro-y ject upwardly through these holes during movement of the key into the keyway and until the key reaches its fully inserted position.

In the embodiment of Figs. l and 8 the bodies of the pins in the shaft pinways that are provided with shanks are of the same length. While within the scope of the invention these bodies may be made of diierent lengths, by forming them of the same length these pins all may be raised to the same elevation until the shoulder between the shank and the body engages the circumferential surface of the sleeve. This preferred embodiment makes possible the determination of the maximum height of the bittings of the keys which are capable of being inserted in the lock. lt also is apparent that when a key provided with a hitting of maximum height is used, the pin in the shaft pinway operable by such highest hitting would be formed with no shank whether or not this pin is one which cooperates with a socket pin in unlocking operation of the combination lock.

In general, however, shanks provided on such pins would have a substantial length and the keys capable of operating the lock would be formed to suit these shank pins as well as to operate the conventional full size pins provided, as shown in Figs. l and 8, in the pinway 73 and pin 63 in the corresponding socket.

The same set of pins, however, may be used in the pinways of the combination lock of the invention rearranged in diiferent pinways without otherwise changing the structure. In the embodiment of Figs. 6 and 7, it will be noted, as compared with Figs. 1 and 8, that the pins in pinways 91, 92 and 93 are substantially the same as those in pinways 71, 72 and 73 of the lock of Figs. 1 and 8, although the combination determined is different. The pins in pinways 94 and 95 are in reverse relation with respect to the pins in the pinways 74 and 75 of Figs. l and 8. That is to say that the pin in the pinway 94 has a long shank corresponding to the shank of the pin in pinway 75 of Figs. l and S, whereas, the pin in the pinway 95 has a short shank corresponding to the pin in pinway 74 of Figs. l and 8. Similarly, the pins in pinways 96 and 97 are in reverse relation as to their Shanks with respect to the pins in the pinways 76 and 77 of Figs. 1 and 8. The pin in the pinway 98 has a shank substantially the same as that in the pinway 78 of Figs. l and 8. It will be apparent that without changing the construction of the lock, merely by rearranging the pins in the pinways, a key of entirely different form may be provided for operation of the lock. The combination shown in Fig. 6 is such that the socket pins 62, 63, 66 and 68 are the active pins, the pins 61, 64, 65 and 67 being inactive in this combination. The key shown in Fig. 6 is the master key for this combination, all of the upper ends of the keyway pins being disposed at the parting plane When the key is inserted since the bittings on this key are of the proper height for this purpose. The keys shown in Figs. 7 and 8 are regular operating keys for the respective combinations. Each of these keys may be one of a large number of such operating keys respectively for the combinations of Figs. l and 6, it being possible to form at least some of the pins in the pinways 71 to 78, inclusive, or 91 to 93, inclusive, with Shanks which may be of substantial length reaching almost to the sleeve as shown, for example, by the pin in pinway 94, Fig. 7. Others of the pins may have short shanks, as shown for the pin in pinway 91. The highest hitting in the key 43 may be at the forward end of the key, for example, the hitting engaging the pin in the pinway 97. Since all of the bodies of the shaft pins are of the same length, it will be apparent upon consideration ofFigs. 6 and 7 that this highest bitting may pass all of the pins in pinways 91 to 96, inclusive, the Shanks of the several pins passing through the corresponding openings of reduced size until the shoulders engage the sleeve 33, if necessary for such clearance.

The number of keys, therefore, which may be made for operation of the lock of the same construction and the number of combinations which may be secured without change in the structure of the lock but merely in the arrangement of the pins is greatly increased with respect to conventional locks, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of making keys by trial and error which are capable of operating a lock. as above described.

It also will be understood, in any endeavor to pick a lock by raising the individual pins in the pinways, that the pins themselves which are provided with Shanks cannot be raised into the magazine so as to rest on the slight shelf which may be secured by slight rotation of the shaft due to play between the shaft and the barrel and between the magazine and the barrel. The shoulders which are formed on the pins provided With shanks prevent raising the body portions of these pins into the magazine where the holes in the magazine are of reduced diameter. Thus, a long pin, such as that in pinway 72 of Figs. 1 and 8 or in pinway 94 of Figs. 6 and 7, cannot be raised out of the way of the picking tool so as more easily to operate the pins along the keyway shaft from the end thereof at which the key is inserted. Moreover, since the Shanks may pass through the opening of reduced size into the magazine, it is more difficult for the operator endeavoring to pick the lock to determine which of the pins are active pins and to determine the shaft releasing position of these pins.

To increase the diculty of picking a lock as above generally described, the lock of the invention provides preferably at least one auxiliary shaft pinway and pins respectively therein that are adapted to be actuated by engagement of such auxiliary shaft pin with a lateral face of the key, as shown in Fig. 5. In socket 101 extending transversely of the axis of the keyway shaft is disposed an auxiliary pin 103 biased toward the keyway shaft 21 by a spring 105 retained by a suitable plug 107. This socket and pin are disposed so as to register with auxil iary shaft pinway 109 in which is disposed shaft tumbler pin 111. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the pin 111 has a shank 113 of reduced diameter adapted to project slightly into the keyway 27 of keyway shaft 21 when the shoulder between this shank and the body of pin 111 bears upon a corresponding shoulder 112 in the auxiliary shaft pinway 109. When the key is not inserted in the keyway 27 the contacting ends of the pins 103, 111 are disposed within the circumference 29 of the keyway shaft, the pins being held in this position under the pressure of the spring 165. In this position the shoulder between the body of the pin 111 and the shank 113 bears against the shoulder 112 in the pinway 109. Upon insertion of the key, the hat face of the key bearing against the shank 113 moves the pins 111 and 103 toward the left, Fig. 5, so that the contacting ends of these pins are disposed in the plane tangential to the circumference 29 7 of the keyway shaft, thus providing for parting movement of the shaft 21 with respect to the barrel 5.

Preferably, a second auxiliary set of socket and pinway pins also is provided, as shown at the right in Fig. 5. The socket pin 115 disposed in socket 117 is biased toward the shaft 21 by spring 119 retained by plug 121. The socket pin 115 is in contact with the end of the body of the pin 123 in pinway 124 of shaft 21, the pin 123 having a shank 125 the end of which enters the keyway 27. When the key is not in the keyway the shoulder 126 between the body 123 and the shank 125 of this auxiliary pinway pin bears against the corresponding shoulder in the shaft 21 to hold these pins in the position shown in which the contacting ends are disposed at the parting plane between the circumference 29 of the keyway shaft 21 and the bore 28 of the barrel 5 in which this shaft rotates.

It will be understood that upon insertion of the key the face thereof which is opposite to the face which engages the end of the shank 113 will force the pins 115 and 123 toward the right, Fig. 5, against the bias of spring 119. As shown in Fig. 8, however, the key 69 is provided with a recess 131) disposed in position therealong so as to register with the shank 125 of pin 123 when the key is fully inserted in the keyway. The recess 130 is of such depth that the shank .125 may enter therein to bring the body 123 substantially against the shoulder 126 in the pinway 124 so that the contacting ends of the pins 115 and 123 again may be disposed at the parting plane. Thus, upon insertion of the key both sets of auxiliary tumbler pins become positioned for releasing the keyway shaft 21 for unlocking operation of the lock. It will be apparent that the presence of these auxiliary tumbler pins requiring the equivalent of a key to hold them in shaft releasing position increases materially the difliculty of picking a lock by manipulation of the magazine tumbler pins thereof. Preferably they are disposed toward the inner end of shaft 21.

As shown in Fig. the gears 37 and 39 are provided upon only a portion of circumferential extent thereof with teeth adapted to mesh each other in the two gears. The remainder of the circumferential extent is of full diameter such as may be provided by the blanks from which the gears are cut. The circumferentially spaced end portions 135 and 136 of the gear 37 thus respectively may engage the circumferentially spaced end portions 137 and 138 of the gear 39 to limit the rotation of the magazine 31 and of the sleeve 33 forwardly and to limit the return rotation of the magazine 31 and of the sleeve 33 as the finger 55 is cammed out of a notch 51 in changing the combination as above described. As shown in Fig. 5, although only four notches 51 are provided in the sleeve 33, thus, in principle, only requiring 90 rotation of the magazine and sleeve, the extent of the teeth on the gears is somewhat greater than 90 but substantially less than 180. This somewhat greater extent of the teeth permits the keyway shaft and the magazine and the sleeve to be rotated forwardly beyond the precise position in which the new row of holes is registerable with the pinways in the keyway shaft without carrying the sleeve forward to a position in which the second succeeding row of holes would be brought into registering position and held there by the detent 57. Upon reverse rotation from this somewhat advanced position, however, the detent 57 will enter the corresponding notch in the sleeve to hold this sleeve in the desired position. This reverse rotation of the magazine may then continue, as above described, until the magazine sockets are in register with the pinways of the keyway shaft so that the active socket pins may enter the corresponding shaft pinways when the key is removed to lock the lock. The end portions 136 and 138 of the gears 37 and 39 by their engagement prevent undue movement beyond this locking position. Since in the regular operation of the lock by the keys 4S or 69, the gears 37 and 39 and the magazine and sleeve are not 8 rotated these keys may be operated either in the usual clockwise direction when viewed from the right in Fig. l or in counterclockwise direction to effect unlocking operation of the tumbler pin combination lock without limitation by the limited number of teeth on the gears 37 and 39.

The bolt lock structure as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, comprises in the particular embodiment shown, a U-shaped member 140 having outwardly directed flanges 141 at the ends of the legs of the U-shaped member. 1These franges serve to carry in suitable hemi-spherical recesses balls 143 which rotate in the recesses and roll on the under face of the top wall of the frame 11 as shown in Fig. 2, there being preferably a set of two such balls for each flange 141. Exterior to the bend of the U and bearing on the upper face of the bottom wall of the frame 11 a third set of balls 145 is provided rotatable in hemispherical recesses and rolling on this upper face. The U-shaped member 140 is rigidly attached to or integral with the bolt 13 so that the bolt 13 is moved from and to its locking position, as shown in Fig. 2, as the U- shaped member moves respectively toward the left hand and toward the right in Fig. 2. The U-shaped member is biased toward the right to move the lock bolt 13 to locking position by means of spring 147 which is formed to bear against the lateral wall 148 of the frame 11 and to bear upon the left hand leg portion of the U-shaped member 141i. The end portions 149, 150 of the spring may be moved toward each other as the U-shaped member 140 and the bolt 13 attached thereto are forced toward the left7 the resilience of the spring serving to move the U-shaped member and the bolt toward the right upon removal of the restraining force. This movement toward the right is limited in the embodiment shown by a lug 151 carried by the frame 11 against which the left hand leg of the U-shaped member bears when the lock bolt is in locking position.

Movement of the U-shaped member toward the right, also may be limited by engagemcnt of a portion 153 at the bend of the U-shaped member with a pin 155 carried by a night latch 156, this pin being slidable in slot 157 in the lower wall of the frame 11. When the night latch 156 is moved toward the right in Fig. l, the pin 155 thereof enters a notch 159 so as to restrain movement of the U-shaped member in either direction to prevent unlocking of the lock or tampering therewith by manipulation of the bolt. The night latch 156 is held in sliding frictional engagement with the upper face of the lower wall of the frame 11 by a flat spring 161 fastened to the lower wall of frame 11 and bearing upon a ange 162 formed upon the pin 155 of the night latch. When the night latch is moved out of the notch 159 to the position shown in Figs. l and 4, the U-shaped member may be retracted toward the left, Fig. 2, against the bias of the spring 147 except when restrained as hereinafter described.

To accomplish such movement toward the life, the bolt lock is provided with a cam 163 having a shank 165 upon the axis of rotation of the cam and a handle 167 attached to or integral with this shank. The shank 165 is shouldered in relation to a hub 166 of the cam, this shank bearing in a hole 169 formed in an end plate 170. This plate may be held in place in the frame 11 by suitable fasteners, not shown, in spaced parallel relation to the back wall 171 of this frame.

In this back wall 171 a hole 173 is bored in which the shank 175 of the hub 176 of a second cam 177 is supported coaxially with the camv 163. The opposite end portion of the hub 176 is formed with a stub shaft 179 which rotatably ts in a bearing 181 provided in the hub portion of the cam 163. The cams 163 and 177 both are adapted to engage in camming action in a manner about to be described for the cam 163 upon the left portion of the U-shaped member 140, Fig. 2.

Itwll be apparent from a consideration of Fig. 2 that upon rotation of the cam 163 in the clockwise direction from the position shown in full lines to that shown in dotted lines, the cam surface 164 will be brought into engagement with the inner face of the U-shaped member at the left, first with the U bend portion and then with the left hand leg of the member, and Will effect movement of the U-shaped member from the full line position in Fig. 2 to the position shown in dotted outline. Upon substantially reaching the position shown in dotted lines the cam is effective to take the pressure of the U-shaped member under the action of the spring 147 and to transfer this pressure through the Shanks of the two cams to the bearing surfaces 169 and 173 in the frame walls. Thus, the U-shaped member and the lock bolt 13 will be held in position relative to the frame 11 which is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. In this position the bolt 13 is fully withdrawn from the retaining member 15 and is in the unlocked position. Upon counterclockwise rotation of the cam 163 the U-shaped member and the lock bolt 13 will be released to move toward the locking position unless restrained by other means as hereinafter described.

It will be understood that the cam 163 at the left in Fig. 1 may be operated by the handle 167 from inside the door, the bolt lock in the embodiment being described being suitably fastened upon the door for such manual operation from the inside thereof. For operation of the lock bolt by the combination lock above described, the hub 176 of the cam 177 is provided with a recess 183 of rectangular section into which a tongue 105 connected by pin 186 to the keyway shaft 21 enters. Thus, upon rotation of the keyway shaft 21 for operation of the combination lock in any manner as above described, the cam 177 may be rotated from a full line position corresponding in Fig. 2 to that shown for the cam 163 to effect movement of the U-shaped member to the dotted line position against the action of the spring 147 in the same manner as described for the cam 163. Reverse rotation of the keyway shaft 21 will effect reverse movement of the cam 177 to permit the U-shaped member 140 and the bolt 13 to move toward locking position under the bias of the spring 147 and to reach the locking position unless the U-shaped member and the bolt are held in retracted position by cam 163 or are restrained in a withdrawn position as now will be explained.

Thus to restrain the bolt 13 in the withdrawn position which may be the latching position the U-shaped member is formed with a part 190 projecting toward the right in Figs. 2 and 3 from the right hand leg of the U. In the particular embodiment being described this part 190 is formed with an extension flange 191. Adjacent the leg of the U-shaped the part 190 is provided with a notch 193 of arcuate form. This Iarc conveniently may be a circle which conforms to the arc of the exterior surface 195 of a hook 196 carried by an element 197 pivotally supported on a stud 199 which is rigidly supported upon the back wall 171 of the frame 11. Extending about the stud 199 and with one end bearing against the stop 201 a spring 203 engages at its other end the outer portion of the element197 adjacent the hook 196 to bias this element upwardly in Figs. 2 and 3.

As shown in Fig. 3, the spring 203 is effective to hold the hook portion 196 of the element 197 in the notch 193, the U-shaped member 140 and the bolt 13 being in the latching position of the bolt. The pressure transmitted from the spring 147 through the U-shaped member and the part 190 to the surface 195 of the hook 196 and to the element 197 is brought upon the stud 199 and the lock bolt 13 accordingly is held by the element 197 against movement from the latching position toward locking position of this bolt.

When the U-shaped member and the bolt 13 are held in this latching position the cams 163 and 177 will have been rotated slightly counterclockwise in Fig. 2 from the ,dotted line position toward the position shown in full lines for the cam 163. When such movement of the cams is effected slowly and gently the hook 196 will enter the notch 193 to hold the U-shaped member 140 and bolt 13 in the latching position while further movement of the cam takes place to the full line position shown in Fig. 2. With the parts in these positions the cams are ineffective to move the bolt from the latching position toward or to locking position by continued movement of the cams, counterclockwise in Fig. 2, since the cams now are out of engagement with any parts of the U-shaped member which are effective so to move this bolt.

If, however, one of the cams, for example, cam 163, is rotated, clockwise in Fig. 2, by the operation of the handle 167 tothe dotted line position and then this handle is quickly snapped reversely from this position, the movement of the U-shaped member and of the bolt 13 may be effected fully to the locking position of the bolt as now will be described.

The bolt lock of the invention is so constructed that upon such full retracting actuation of the U-shaped member by the cam 163, for example, to the dotted line or unlocked position shown in Fig. 2 the notch 193 is somewhat to the left of the hook 196 and out of engagement with the hook, the end portion of the hook 196 bearing upon the under flat surface of flange 191. VThe quick release of the U-shaped member from this position by quick snapping operation of the handle 167 or otherwise effects quick movement of the U-shaped member toward the right until a toe 205 formed on the part adjacent the left hand end of the notch 193 comes into impact engagement with the surface 195 of the hook. The hook portion 196 of the element 195 may tend to enter the notch under the bias of spring 203 but the impact of the toe 205 effects camming action upon the surface 195 pivotally to move the element 197 counterclockwise upon stud 199 sufficiently for the toe portion 20S to clear the hook and then to permit the hook to move into the full line portion, Fig. 2, to hold the bolt 13 in locking position.

After the element 197 is moved to the full line position in Fig. 2 where the end portion of the hook 196 engages the inner face of the right hand leg of the member 140 this member is held against movement toward the left, thus to restrain the bolt 13 from moving from its locking position. In order to assist the .hook 196 in this restraining action a burr or lug 207 may be provided on the inner face of this right leg of the member 140 so that any movement of theV bolt and the U-shaped member which in an endeavor to release the bolt might be effected due to lost motion in the parts will bring the end of the hook 196 into engagement with this burr 207 and prevent jarring the element 197 and its hook 196 from holding engagement with the U-shaped member. When the parts are in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 2 the lock bolt 13 may not be moved from the locking position by manipulation thereof through the space between the door and the jamb or otherwise, whether this lock bolt is end beveled in the form of a latch so as to engage the retaining member 15 as a striking plate in the conventional manner upon closing the door or is of rectangular section throughout its length requiring that the lock be operated positively to unlocking position in closing the door.

In order to effect release of the U-shaped member 140 and the bolt 13 from locking position as restrained by the hook 196 the cams 163 and 177 are provided with fingers each adapted to engage the element 197 to move it from the bolt restraining position shown in full lines in Fig. 2 toward the dotted line position of this element. In order to move the hook 196 out of engagement with the right hand leg of the U-shaped member 140 and the burr 207 in Fig. 2, the cam 163, for example, is formed with a finger 210 adapted to engage the outer end portion 211 of the element 197 upon clockwise rotation of the cam in Fig. 2. This finger 210 is so formed on the cam,

as to come into engagement with the end 211 of the element 197 pivotally to move the element 197 to disengage the hook 196 from the U-shaped member before the cam surface 164 comes into Contact with the left hand part of the U bend and the left hand leg of the U-shaped mem` ber 140 to move this member and the bolt 13 to the dotted line position in Fig. 2, this position being somewhat to the left of the latching position of the bolt as shown in Fig. 3.

The toe portion 205 of the part 19t) is somewhat rounded so as to engage the end of the hook 196 in slight camming action to enable this hook smoothly to pass the toe 205 and to bear upon the under face of the flange 191 when the bolt is being moved by the cam toward the fully retracted position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. lf by easy manipulation of the handle of 167 the cam 163 is gently returned counterclockwise toward the position in Fig. 2, the under face of the flange 191 slides along the end portion of the hook 196. This hook may enter the notch 193 so that the surface 195 thereof engages the notch and holds the U-shaped member and the bolt 13 in the latching position, as shown in Fig. 3 and described above.

It will be apparent, therefore, that the bolt lock of this invention may be moved to the extreme retracted or unlocked position as in dotted lines, Fig. 2, somewhat beyond a position referred to herein as the withdrawn or latching position from which extreme position, upon quick operation of the cam as by the handle 167, the bolt may be moved fully to locking position. In this quick movement the ilange 191 slides quickly over the surface 195 of the hook and, as above described, the toe portion 205 clears the hook which then may move upwardly to hold the bolt in the locking position. By gentle operation of the cam the bolt may be moved to latching position to be held therein by the element 197.

When the bolt is in either the latching position or the locking position, the earns being in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 2, by operating the handle 167 or the keyway shaft 21, the U-shaped member and the bolt 13 of the lock cannot be moved except the handle or the shaft again be operated to move the cam toward the fully retracted dotted line position shown in Fig. 2. When the cams are in the full line position of Fig. 2 and the bolt has been released to locking position the pin 155 of the night latch 156 may be inserted in the notch 159 to prevent thc U-shaped member and the bolt 13 being moved in either direction by operation of either the handle 167 or the keyway shaft 21.

it will be understood further that after the normal unlocking operation of the keyway shaft' 21 the shaft will be returned to the initial position, as shown in Fig. l, in which the cam 177 would be in the corresponding position to that shown for the cam 163 in Fig. 2. The quick release of the U-shaped member 149 by operation of the keyway shaft 21 may not be readily accomplished in some combination tumbler lock constructions as with the handle 167. Such operation from outside the door, however, is not essential in all cases. The latching position or the locking position of the bolt may be secured by operation of the handle 167 when the door is to be closed from the inside. lt will be apparent, however, that by operation of the handle 167 or of a key in the tumbler lock the door first may be unlocked and opened and then by easy operation of the cam 177 by the key in the keyway shaft 21 the bolt may be retained in the latching position of Fig. 3. In such case the door may be moved to closed position from the outside if the bolt is in the form of a latch engaging the member 15 as a striking plate. The cam 177 and the U-shaped member may be designed, however, so that upon quick returning movement of the keyway shaft 21 from the fully retracted or unlocked position the requisite impact and clearance of the toe 205 may be secured to prevent the hook 196 moving into the notch 193 to hold the bolt in the withdrawn or latching position.

12 The door if it is to be locked under these conditions must be in closed position and a bolt of rectangular section or a bolt having a beveled end adapted to engage a striking plate may be thus operated to lock the door from the outside by operation of the combination lock or other lock having a keyway shaft.

A stop 168, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, extends across the space between the plate 176 and the back wall 171 of the frame 11 and is held in place by shank ends bearing respectively in the plate 176) and in the wall 171. This stop serves to iimit the movement of the cams 163 and 177 in the clockwise direction, Fig. 2, so that these cams respectively may be retained in and not rotated beyond the position shown in dotted lines for the purpose above described.

it will be understood from the above description and by reference to Figs. l and 2 as well as to Figs. 6 and 7 that, if desired, the keys 69 and 43 which are intended for regular operation of the lock in a given combination thereof may be provided with toes, such as the toe 45 of the key 46 of Fig. 6, and that when so provided, upon operation of the lock with such keys, the combination will be changed from the combination in which such regular key is effective to unlock the lock to the next combination as determined by the sleeve 33. When so operated by a given regular key having a toe the lock may not be operated again by this given key, or a key without such toe but' for the same combination, until the sleeve 33 is successively rotated to the different combination determining positions again to reach the position determining the combination for the given key. By providing, however, a set of regular keys, four in number for the lock shown in the drawings, having bittings which are capable of operating the combination determining pins in the respective combinations, each of these four keys being provided with a toe 45, operation of the lock by such keys in succession will be eiective to change the combination to the succeeding combination in each such operation. Operation of the lock in this manner may be desirable in some cases, for example, in the operation of watchmans tour stations as described in my prior Patent No. Re. 22,864, issued April 8, 1947. It also may be useful in the operation of a door lock where it is desired to secure control of opening and closing of the door by requiring a different key each time the lock is operated. It will be understood, however, that a set of regular keys, four in number in the embodiment shown, without toes 4S also may be provided, if desired, so that the lock may be operated repeatedly in any one of the four positions of the combination determining sleeve 33 selected by means of the master key 46.

As shown in Fig. l, a ball detent 215 may be provided in the combination changing lock for retaining the magazine in the position thereof in which the sockets are in register with the pinways of the keyway shaft and with the selected row of longitudinal spaced holes in the sleeve 33 during normal operation of the lock. As shown at 217, one of the sockets in the magazine 31 extends entirely through the magazine and registers with a hole 218 in the sleeve 33 which may advantageously be located in one of the rows of longitudinal spaced holes provided for combination changing purposes and preferably is of a diameter large enough to receive one of the full diameter pins 73 when in register therewith. The detent 215 is normally positioned in the bottom of the open-ended socket 217 partly within the hole 218 and is urged outwardly by the spring 32. A hole 219 of somewhat smaller diameter than the detent 215 extends through the side wall of the barrel 5 in alignment with the open-ended socket 217, and the walls of the barrel 5 at the inner end of the hole 219 provide a seating recess for the detent. The diameters of the magazine socket, the ball detent 215 and the hole 219 and the thickness of the wall of the sleeve 33 are all so selected as to insure that the detent will not be seated so deeply within the hole 218 and the mouth of the hole 219 as to make it impossible to cam the detent out of its seat in the hole 219 and also out of its position in the hole 218 when the magazine and the sleeve are rotated relatively at the desired stage in a combination changing operation.

Conventional means not shown in the drawings may be used to hold the barrel of the combination lock in the bore provided in the door or other closure supporting this lock. This lock in the form of a combination changing lock as above described may be constructed for operation in the direction and sequence of operation as above described or in the reverse direction and sequence by suitably forming the notch 43 with respect to the plane of the keyway shaft and by forming the pawl 53 in the opposite hand and positioning detent 57 at the opposite Side of the sleeve or so as oppositely to engage the notches 51.

Within the scope of the invention the mechanical elements of the bolt lock construction which are shown in the drawings and which have been described may be modified while accomplishing the functions of holding the bolt in locked position, holding the bolt in withdrawn or latching position and effecting quick release of the bolt from the extreme retracted or unlocked position to the locked position. Within the scope of the invention also the combination determining means represented by the sleeve 33 may be made in other forms providing openings of reduced diameter relative to the magazine tumbler pins and adapted to cooperate with tumbler pins in the shaft pinways which are formed with Shanks adapted to pass through these openings of reduced size. Such a combination determining element within the scope of the invention may be arranged for movement other than coaxial movement of the magazine 31 to bring holes of full size as well as of reduced size into registering position with the magazine sockets and with the pinways. All such variations and others within the skill of the art which may be made as modications of the structures disclosed herein and which embody the features of the invention above described are intended to be covered by the claims appended hereto.

The combination changing tumbler lock features shown and described herein are claimed in my copending divisional application Serial No. 350,844, tiled April 24, 1953.

I claim:

l. The combination with a lock having a frame, a bolt supported by said frame for sliding movement relative thereto in locking and unlocking operation of said bolt, means to bias said bolt to locking position, a cam adapted to engage said bolt for effecting movement of said bolt against said bias means toward its unlocked position upon rotation of said cam in a given direction, and means operatively connected to said cam and operable forwardly and reversely for effecting rotation of said cam respectively in said given direction and in the reverse direction, of an element supported by said frame for movement thereof into and out of position to engage said bolt to restrain said bolt from movement towards its unlocked position, means to bias said element into said bolt restraining position, and a finger supported by said frame and operatively connected to said means operable for effecting rotation of said cam and adapted to be moved into engagement with said element to move said element against the bias thereof from said bolt restraining position of said element upon rotation of said cam in said given direction, said element being adapted thereupon to engage said bolt to hold said bolt in a position withdrawn from said locking position thereof and adapted to be moved from said holding position by impact of said bolt thereon concomitantly with movement of said bolt toward said locking position thereof, thereby to release said bolt to move under its bias to said locking position thereof.

2. The combination with a lock having a frame, a bolt supported by said frame for sliding movement relative thereto in locking and unlocking operation of said bolt,

means to bias said bolt to locking position, a cam adapted to engage said bolt for effecting movement of said bolt against said bias means upon rotation of said cam in a given direction, and means operatively connected to said cam and operable forwardly and reversely for effecting rotation of said cam respectively in said given direction and in the reverse direction, of an element pivotally supported by said frame and providing a hook adapted to engage said bolt to restrain said bolt from movement from said locking position, means to bias said element to the position thereof in which said hook restrains said bolt, said cam being provided with a linger extending therefrom for engagement with said element to move said element against its bias out of said position thereof in which said hook restrains said bolt, said element adjacent said hook providing'a surface adapted to engage a notch formed in said bolt when said bolt is in a position withdrawn from its locking position so that the pressure of said bolt under its bias is transmitted to said surface of said element and thereby to said pivotal support to hold said bolt in said withdrawn position, said surface provided by said element being formed with respect to said notch so that upon slight impact movement of said bolt from the unlocked position toward locking position thereof a protrusion on said bolt adjacent said notch engages said surface of said element to cam said element out of engagement with said notch to release said bolt to move fully to said locking position thereof.

3. The combination as defined in claim 2, in which said cam upon movement thereof to a predetermined position is capable of holding said bolt in fully unlocked position with said notch of said bolt slightly removed from said surface of said element in the direction away from locking position of said bolt, said surface of said element being adapted to reengage said notch to hold said bolt in said withdrawn position upon easy movement of said cam from said predetermined bolt holding position thereof and being adapted to be cammed out of said notch by said protrusion of said bolt to release said bolt upon quick movement of said cam from said predetermined holding position.

4. The combination as defined in claim l, which comprises a second cam supported by said frame coaxial with said first cam and adapted to engage said bolt for effecting movement thereof from said locking position toward said unlocked position thereof, a second linger supported for movement thereof into engagement with said element for moving said element against the bias thereof out of said bolt restraining position, and a lock having a keyway shaft operatively connected to said second cam and to said second finger for effecting said movement of said second finger to move said element from bolt restraining position and for operating said bolt from locking position toward its unlocked position upon operation of said lock by a key in said keyway shaft.

5. The combination as dened in claim l which comprises a second cam supported by said frame coaxial with said rst cam and adapted to engage said bolt for effecting movement thereof from said locking position toward said unlocked position thereof, a second nger supported for movement thereof into engagement with said element for moving said element against the bias thereof out of said bolt restraining position, and means operatively connected to said second cam and operable forwardly and reversely for effecting respectively rotation of said second cam in the same direction as' said given direction of said first cam and in the reverse direction and operatively connected to said second finger for effecting upon movement of said second cam in said given direction movement of said second finger to move said element from said bolt restraining position to release said bolt for movement from locking position thereof toward its unlocked position.

6. The combination with a lock having a frame, a bolt supported by said frame for sliding movement relative 15 thereto in locking and unlocking operation of said bolt, means to bias said bolt to locking position, and means operatively connected to said bolt and operable forwardly for effecting movement of said bolt to unlocked position against said bias means and reversely to permit movement of said bolt under its bias toward said locking position, of means supported by said frame and adapted to engage said bolt when in locking position to restrain said bolt from movement toward its unlocked position, means operatively connected to said means operable for moving said bolt against its bias and adapted to actuate said restraining means to release said bolt for movement toward said unlocked position upon said forward operation of said operable means, and detent means adapted thereafter to engage said bolt to hold said bolt in a position withdrawn from said locking position intermediate said locking position and said unlocked position upon return movement of said bolt in the direction from said unlocked position toward said locked position thereof concomitantly with reverse operation of said operable means, said biasing means thereupon becoming ineffective to produce further movement of said bolt toward locking position thereof during continued reverse operation of l5 said operable means, said detent means being adapted to engage said bolt in said withdrawn position thereof so that said bolt upon movement thereof from said withdrawn position effected by forward operation ot said operable means' and quick release of said bolt by reverse operation of said operable means engages saidY detent means with impact to move said detent means from said holding position thereof to permit said bolt to continue said return movement thereof under its bias to said locked position thereof.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,199,645 Wicks Sept. 26, 1916 1,553,947 Lindberg Sept. 15, 1925 1,967,042 Schachinger July 17, 1934 2,119,175 Niederdrenk May 13, 1938 2,369,873 Voight Feb. 20, 1945 2,427,814 Schachinger Sept. 23, 1947 2,533,023 Lickteig Dec. 5, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 142,841 Great Britain Mar. 3, 1921 

